Transaction Attributes and Mode of Governance of Multimodal Transport in Morocco: Case of Maritime Shipowners

Abstract

The rapid evolution of logistics has significantly spurred improvements in freight transportation systems through various logistical modes. Throughout the shipping process, the responsibility for cargo lies entirely with the multimodal transport entrepreneur, thus ensuring a continuous flow of goods from the point of origin to their final destination. The actors capable of assuming this role of multimodal transport entrepreneur are diverse, ranging from shippers to logisticians, shipowners to NVOCCs (Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers), and freight forwarders to handlers. Our focus is on maritime shipowners as major players in door-to-door transport organizations. Their role holds particular significance due to the substantial volume of cargo they manage, offering considerable potential to address volume shortages observed in the road and rail transport sectors. We employ concepts from transaction cost theory to shed light on the essential determinants of performance in multimodal transport logistics chains led by maritime shipowners. This theoretical approach enables us to highlight the critical factors influencing the efficiency and performance of this complex chain. Each hypothesis derived from this theory is rigorously assessed through empirical observations conducted in an in-depth qualitative study. This analytical approach will enhance our understanding of the intricate interactions, success factors, and challenges maritime shipowners face as key actors in multimodal transport. Furthermore, it will help us discern how these actors can significantly improve transport logistics chains.